An analysis of anti-terrorism legislation essays

An investigation of against fear mongering enactment papers During a period of national emergency, I think it is especially evident that we have to empower the investigation of our past. Our youngsters and grandkids to be sure, we all need to know the thoughts and goals on which our country has been manufactured. We have to see that we are so blessed to live in opportunity. We have to comprehend that living in freedom is such a valuable thing, that ages of people have been eager to forfeit everything for it. stated, Lynne V. Cheney on, October 5, 2001. Since the lamentable unfurling of September eleventh, America has made approaches to shield our opportunities from further psychological oppressor assaults; nonetheless, some case the means taken, to secure our opportunities, subvert our sacred rights and opportunities so as to ensure those equivalent opportunities. Much analysis has disregarded the expediently passed USA PATRIOT Act, and over the presently discussed Homeland Security Act. Is America making the correct strides in its endeavors at forestalling fear based oppressor assaults or is its most recent enemy of psychological warfare enactment just hurting the American opportunities all alone? In Fall 2001, when it became clear that enemy of American fear mongering was undoubtedly a considerable danger, a general agreement was made that a move ought to be made to forestall further assaults on American opportunity. The more troublesome inquiry was the way to appropriately deal with the avoidance of fear monger dangers emotionally. Perhaps the snappiest bit of enactment to be passed accordingly was the USA PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism). The USA PATRIOT Act became law on October 26th, 2001 scarcely longer than a month after the 9/11 assaults. The enormous demonstration was initially applauded for the snappiness the Bush Administration utilized in planning it and getting it passed; anyway a developing number of individuals got stressed over the wording of the demonstration and the force it awards in its widened ver... <!

Are Americans Getting Over On Our Welfare System Essay

Are Americans Getting Over On Our Welfare System - Essay Example Indeed, even Devilma concedes that, on the off chance that it were not for her child and the ongoing expiry of her money help, she would prefer to live on government assistance than take a section level occupation at McDonald’s, which she thinks about unsuited to her degree of instruction (economist.com). In this way suggests the conversation starter, â€Å"Are Americans Getting over on Our Welfare System?† If allowed the chance to have a vocation which would get a wellspring of salary so one would not be exclusively subject to government help, which thus would free assets for the individuals who don't have business openings, why not exploit it to better your circumstance? It is not the slightest bit equivalent or reasonable that a few people must work professionally time others kick back and be provided food for by other persons’ charge dollars. Seeing things, for example, this is the thing that convinced me to truly break down the capabilities, studies, and gov ernment sites to check whether taxpayer’s reserves are being exploited (Ramsey, 2010). The examination included dissecting the sum that the low-pay workers gain in the US and the sum that individuals get from the government assistance state (Levin, 2011). From my investigation, I understood that the vast majority of the individuals who rely upon the government assistance state are progressively alright with what they get in light of the fact that they don't work the main get cash for sitting idle (Hewitt, 2012). This is against the individuals who try sincerely and just procure a modest quantity of cash that can't support their families. From the examination, I likewise discovered that the vast majority of the individuals who don't depend on the government assistance state are not content with the activity. The undertaking was begun with a point of helping the destitute. In any case, with time, the government assistance has been misused and most capable individuals are exploi ting it. That implies that individuals who can work don't search for occupations in light of the fact that the government assistance state is accommodating them some pay that they can use to endure. As per an exploration completed by Forbes, when the war on neediness started, the destitution levels tumbled to 12.1% (Moore, 2001) However, the neediness level rose to 14.3% in 2009 and it is presently at 16.1%. That implies that destitution won the war that was pointed against it. That happened on the grounds that after the activity, the poor quit working with the goal that they can rely upon the cash from the government assistance state. That implies that the activity is as of now not helping poor people yet rather making them lethargic and the destitution levels are rising. Proposals on the government assistance state It would be prudent for the law managing the government assistance state to be changed. The law should express that lone the genuinely incapacitated people should profi t by the cash. That will assist the capable people with looking for employments. Attempting to acquire a living will make them to be spurred and they will endeavor to guarantee that they fulfill their requirements. That will likewise make them increasingly roused and that will assist them with needing to accomplish more. Since not all individuals can win office employments, the administration can fire up a program that will advance credits to individuals so they can fire up their own organizations. That implies that all the individuals will be autonomous. The advances can be defined so that the budgetary organizations give the individuals an elegance time of around a half year before they begin reimbursing the advance. The elegance time frame will help guarantee that the business that has been set up is

About the United States Postal Service (USPS)

About the United States Postal Service (USPS) Early History of the U.S. Postal Service The United States Postal Service initially started moving the mail on July 26, 1775, when the Second Continental Congress named Benjamin Franklin as the countries first Postmaster General. In tolerating the position, Franklin committed his endeavors to satisfying George Washingtons vision. Washington, who supported a free progression of data among residents and their administration as a foundation of opportunity, frequently discussed a country bound together by an arrangement of postal streets and post workplaces. Distributer William Goddard (1740-1817) first recommended the possibility of a composed U.S. postal help in 1774, as an approach to pass the most recent news past according to pioneer British postal assessors. Goddard officially proposed a postal help to Congress almost two years before theâ adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Congress made no move on Goddards plan until after the skirmishes of Lexington and Concord in the spring of 1775. On July 16, 1775, with insurgency blending, Congress sanctioned the Constitutional Post as an approach to guarantee correspondence between the general masses and the loyalists getting ready to battle for Americas freedom. Goddard was accounted for to have been profoundly disillusioned when Congress picked Franklin as Postmaster General. The Postal Act of 1792 further characterized the job of the Postal Service. Under the demonstration, papers were permitted in the mailâ at low rates to advance the spread of data over the states. To guarantee the sacredness and protection of the sends, postal authorities were illegal to open any letters in their charge except if they were resolved to beâ undeliverable. The Post Office Department gave its first postage stamps on July 1, 1847. Beforehand, letters were taken to a Post Office, where the postmaster would take note of the postage in the upper right corner. The postage rate depended on the quantity of sheets in the letter and the separation it would travel. Postage could be paid ahead of time by the author, gathered from the recipient on conveyance, or paid halfway ahead of time and incompletely upon conveyance. For a total history of the early Postal Service, visit the USPS Postal History site. The Modern Postal Service: Agency or Business? Until theâ adoption of the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, the U.S. Postal Service worked as an ordinary, charge bolstered, office of the central government. As indicated by the laws under which it presently works, the U.S. Postal Service is a semi-free government organization, ordered to be income unbiased. That is, it should equal the initial investment, not make a benefit. In 1982, U.S. postage stamps became postal items, instead of a type of tax collection. From that point forward, the heft of the expense of working the postal framework has been paid for by clients through the offer of postal items and administrations as opposed to charges. Each class of mail is likewise expected to cover a lot of the costs, a necessity that causes the rate changes in accordance with shift in various classes of mail, accordingâ to the expenses related with the preparing and conveyance attributes of each class. As indicated by the expenses of activities, U.S. Postal Service rates are set by the Postal Regulatory Commission as indicated by the proposals of the Postal Board of Governors. See, the USPS is an Agency! The USPS is made as an administration office under Title 39, Section 101.1 of the United States Code which states, to a limited extent: (a) The United States Postal Service will be worked as an essential and principal administration gave to the individuals by the Government of the United States, approved by the Constitution, made by Act of Congress, and upheld by the individuals. The Postal Service will have as its fundamental capacity the commitment to offer postal types of assistance to tie the Nation together through the individual, instructive, abstract, and business correspondence of the individuals. It will give expeditious, solid, and effective administrations to supporters in all regions and will render postal administrations to all networks. The expenses of setting up and keeping up the Postal Service will not be allotted to hinder the general estimation of such support of the individuals. Under passage (d) of Title 39, Section 101.1, Postal rates will be set up to allocate the expenses of every single postal activity to all clients of the mail on a reasonable and fair premise. No, the USPS is a Business! the Postal Service takes on approximately a few very non-administrative qualities by means of the forces conceded to it under Title 39, Section 401, which include: capacity to sue (and be sued) under its own name;power to receive, revise and annulment its own regulations;power to go into and perform contracts, execute instruments, and decide the character of, and the need for, its expenditures;power to purchase, sell and rent private property; and,power to assemble, work, rent and keep up structures and offices. Which are all run of the mill capacities and forces of a personal business. Be that as it may, in contrast to other private organizations, the Postal Service is absolved from making good on government charges. USPS can get cash at limited rates and can denounce and secure private property under administrative privileges of famous space. The USPS gets some citizen support. Around $96 million is planned every year by Congress for the Postal Service Fund. These assets are utilized to remunerate USPS for without postage mailing for all legitimately visually impaired people and for mail-in political race voting forms sent from US residents living abroad. A segment of the assets additionally pays USPS for giving location data to state and nearby youngster bolster authorization offices. Under government law, just the Postal Service can deal with or charge postage for taking care of letters. Regardless of this virtual restraining infrastructure worth some $45 billion every year, the law simply requires the Postal Service to remain income unbiased, neither creation a benefit or enduring a misfortune. How is the Postal Service ‘Business’ Getting along Financially? Despite the fact that expected to be a self-subsidizing substance, the Postal Service has endured an inauspicious string of monetary misfortunes since the 1970s, when it here and there at any rate earned back the original investment. After the Great Recession of 2008, the volume of promoting mail most by far of mail-dropped pointedly the same number of organizations changed to less-exorbitant email correspondence. From that point forward, mail volume has kept on dropping, making an emergency for a business whose expenses are everything except ensured to rise yearly. For instance, the quantity of addresses to which the USPS must convey increments continually. In FY2018, the USPS endured what it called a â€Å"controllable† working shortfall of $3.9 billion and reports that it anticipates that expenses should keep on ascending in FY2019. â€Å"Compensation and advantages costs are wanted to increment by $1.1 billion in FY2019, because of compensation increments by $0.6 billion coming about because of legally binding general increments and typical cost for basic items adjustments.† what's more, the office sees its retiree medical advantages and transportation costs to increment by $1 billion in FY2019.

Environmental Factors And The Development Of Schizophrenia

Environmental factors are crucial to the development of schizophrenia. A traumatic experience in early childhood can cause schizophrenia in the future for example sexual or physical abuse. It carries over to adulthood. According to some studies, the age of the father contributes to the risk of schizophrenia. The older the father the greater the risk because of the â€Å"genetic mutation in the sperm that can be passed on.† (Berkshire Health System, 2014) History of Treatment Upon archeological discovery, bodies found with holes drilled into the skull from the fourteenth and fifteenth century. It is believed that it was an attempt to cure the demons by allowing them to escape. CITE During the middle ages, when the church ruled, mental illness was considered a punishment from god. Those suffering would be directed to the church for confession and prayer for forgiveness. It was during this time when Weyer proposed the idea of an unsound mind. During the 18th century, the mentally ill were normally cared for by family or loved ones. In acute situations, were they jailed or institutionalized. Social reformers began protesting against the detention of the mentally ill in jails. The conditions they were in were degrading and inhumane (Glazer, 2014). In 1752, the Quakers in Philadelphia dedicated the basement in the Pennsylvania Hospital for the disturbed. There were rooms with shackles attached to the walls to serve the few mentally ill pat ients. Later, their unit expanded and theShow MoreRelatedDevelopment of Schizophrenia660 Words   |  3 PagesEarly theories regarding the development of schizophrenia hypothesized that a large percentage of the onset of the psychotic disorder was due to genetic predisposition (Leboyer et al., 2008; Tsuang, Stone, Faraone, 2001). Meehl (1962) theorized that schizotaxia, a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia, inevitably results in schizotpy, the physical materialization of schizophrenia. Other early theories suggested that 80% of the likelihood of developing schizophrenia could be attributed to geneticsRead MoreEssay about Genetics and Schizophrenia1632 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss whether schizophrenia is genetically inherited disorder. There will be an understanding to what schizophrenia is with a brief description in the introduction. This essay will also talk about weather schizophrenia is genetically inherited or weather it is a biological (Inherited) disorder. It will also include weather schizophrenia is cause by other factors such as social factors, environmental, pre natal, childhood and neurobiology. The essay will also state weather schizophrenia is caused byRead MoreThe Role Of Family Members On Recurrence And Severity Of Schizophrenic Episodes Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia can be a scary illness; its onset can seem sudden, for both the sufferer, family and friends must deal with such things as delusional psychosis, self-harm, and unpredictable outcomes. Researchers have tried to unco ver how doctors can predict the onset of schizophrenia-and how some controllable factors, such as environmental ones, can help shape how the illness is experienced and treated. It is therefore important to understand, in studying the physiology of schizophrenia: to what extentRead MoreThe Direct Genetic Loci Accounting For Schizophrenia s Heritability Is Still Unidentified1395 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders, schizophrenia is unique to having a combination of many different environmental, genetic, and biological factors. The exact cause of the disease is still unknown, but studies such as biometric and molecular screenings have proved genetic and biological factors, combined with environmental factors, is strongly connected to the etiology of the disease. Although schizophrenia is more commonly manifested during young adulthood, scientists believes, a variety of pre-birth factors are linkedRead MoreThe And Progression Of Schizophrenia1592 Words   |  7 Pages Two-Hit Model of Schizophrenia, Discussion, Criticism, and Application to The Onset and Progression of Schizophrenia LA14495 University of Maryland Baltimore County December 2016 Abstract The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the two-hit model of schizophrenia, including what it is, how it may inform treatment and prevention of schizophrenia, how it applies to schizophrenia for the duration of onset and progression, and how various primary sources support or challenge the modelRead MoreOutline and Evaluate One or More Biological Explanations to Schizophrenia1149 Words   |  5 Pagesone or more biological explanations of schizophrenia (8 marks AO1/16 marks AO1) Schizophrenia is classified as a mental disorder that shows profound disruption of cognition and emotion which affects a person’s language, perception, thought and sense of self. The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenic’s neurones transmitting dopamine release the neurotransmitter too easily, leading to the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis claims that schizophrenicsRead MoreEmily Fisher s Life And Life1530 Words   |  7 Pagesshe found out that was the onset to schizophrenia. The traumatic event she just endured triggered the neurotransmitters in her brain to emit too much dopamine in her brain causing her to develop Schizophrenia, much like the people in her family. Emily is one of the many people who develop schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric illness , or cluster of disorders, characterised by psychotic behavior that alter a person’s perception, and thoughts. Schizophrenia is one of the most common seriousRead Mo reThe Causes And Cures Of Schizophrenia938 Words   |  4 Pages The causes, cures and intellectual comprehension in schizophrenia patients remains unknown. Scientists have discovered that schizophrenia is a severe condition that develops by a combination of biological, environmental, and unforeseen factors. Since this condition effects no more than two percent of the population, it is challenging to find an adequate sample size for assessments and further study. People suffering from schizophrenia are incapable of determining reality and show a wide array ofRead MoreCulture and Schizophrenia1180 Words   |  5 PagesCulture and Schizophrenia Childhood schizophrenia is one of several types of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic psychological disorder that affects a person’s psychosis. Childhood schizophrenia is similar to adult schizophrenia, but it occurs earlier in life and has a profound impact on the attitude, behavior, and life. The child with schizophrenia may experience strange thoughts, strange feelings, and abnormal behaviors. Childhood schizophreniaRead MoreBIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODELS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA1117 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Biopsychosocial Models for Schizophrenia Karolyn LaPre 11/15/13 Psy 305 Instructor: Arthur Swisher This paper will explore one of the most severe mental disorders, schizophrenia, with the goal of providing an actualized understanding of this disorder, including its etiology, course, epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment. Schizophrenia is characterized by an unadaptive pattern of general though and emotions, including delusions, auditory hallucinations

Rachel Carson Biography Environmentalist Author

The World s Largest Catholic Fraternal Service Organization

Lorraine Adams There are many things that happened before our time that are just as important today as century ago. In order to understand what a big impact our history can have on us today we have to step back in time. It s important to know the stories of those before us. I find it fascinating because it tells me so much of what it was like during that time. We need to hear these stories, preserve them, and pass them down to those that come after us. After visiting The Knights of Columbus I learn something interesting. The world s largest Catholic fraternal service organization was founded by Father Michael J. McGivney in New Haven in 1882; it was named in honor of Christopher Columbus. Little did I know my visit to the KC would bring†¦show more content†¦He failed to gain support for his project in Portugal so he decided to move to Spain. This is where circumstances were more favorable and it worked out because the Catholic monarchs Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon approved the project. However Isabella of Castile seems to be the influential power behind her husband negotiations just like Eva Peron was the influential power behind her husband making decisions. Both these Isabella and Eva political influence was credited to their husbands. Although both of these women had great knowledge and experience in broken financial systems their activities, desires and influence expanded into rapid wealth. After getting the support and financing, Christopher Columbus s expedition led to the opening of the New World. Spain was the first global power which dominated Europe and much of the world for more than a century. What stood out about his long drawn out journey was how he accomplished this by commanding three small ships, which landed on the coast of a Caribbean island and as a result this began the Spanish conquest of America. The 1492 voyage granted Christopher Columbus recognition with the European, which secured him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea. More importantly, it also helped him to obtain further royal patronage and as a result he lead three more expeditions to the Caribbean. The Azteca and the Inca empires in Mexico

Tertiary English for Designer Sites and Brick - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTertiary English for Designer Sites and Brick. Answer: Introduction Shopping malls are officially defined as one or more buildings representing the merchandiser and forming complex of shops which are interconnected through walkways and enables the visitors to walk from one unit to another (Fortune.com 2017). It is essential for the shopping malls to reinvest if they want to survive in this digital age. This paper will highlight the reasons as to why shopping malls are facing decline in the shoppers these days. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the causes of the decline in the shoppers in the shopping malls and the effects which it laid on the business and the shoppers. Discussion According to a report published in Forbes (2015), online shopping is having only a small effect i.e. less than 10% of the retail sale takes place through online and this sale hits the big box stores much harder than the fashion chains and the other retailers in the enclosed malls. The main reason is not due to the switch from in-store to online shopping but rather due to the shift of the consumers approach to various purchasing items. It is necessary to compare the price and purchase merchandise through varied platforms including departmental stores, designer sites, brick and mortar stores. The retailers have shifted their focus to promotional selling. The economic downturn is also another reason since there are only few shoppers who are visiting the malls. The retailers must also look at the omnichannel shopping efforts of the stores. According to a report published in New York Times (2015), one major reason for the decline in shoppers in the malls is due to online shopping. The shoppers are more attracted to the nearby properties rather than visiting than shopping malls which are far away from their home. There are many shopping malls in US which are struggling to fill the floor space. This is due to the changing taste of the consumers and the increase in online shopping. On the other hand, online shoppers will have to pay additional sales tax and this will lead to strong competition between the online and the traditional shopping malls (the malaysian insight.com 2017). The e-commerce sale has declined approximately by 11% after the introduction of sales tax in online purchase. According to the report of Fortune Magazine (2016), the decline in the departmental stores is one of the biggest challenges with these the mall owner has to cope up with. The US malls views their department stores as the anchor tenant and it is necessary to rely on them to draw the customers and patronize the stores, malls and the businesses. The ease of click and the buy options determine the real cause which influences the buyers decision for online shopping. Moreover, another factor i.e. distance from home is another factor which is contributing for the decline in shoppers in the shopping malls. As there is provision in the online stores for the comparing the prices of various items, the customers can make a practical analysis of the product and thus prefer online shopping rather than visiting the stores. The easy access to web on the mobile device has also allowed the shoppers to make price comparison. Conclusion Thus, it can be said that there are many advantages as well as disadvantages of shopping malls. The social e-commerce with customer experience has created a strong need among different traditional retailers to take care of the various innovative ways. The brands must try to focus on turning their physical store into such a place which will allow for more social interaction and engagement. The shopping malls will never be able to compete with the product selection or with price comparison. Therefore, the shopping malls must use various other technologies so as to transform the mall usability in improving customer satisfaction. References Forbes.com 2017.Forbes. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2015/01/04/the-shopping-malls-really-are-being-killed-by-online-shopping/#49c26e06fbb3 [Accessed 24 Oct. 2017]. Fortune.com 2017.Fortune. [online] Available at: https://fortune.com/2016/12/02/shopping-malls-trouble-data-charts/ [Accessed 24 Oct. 2017]. Nytimes.com 2017.New York Times. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/04/business/the-economics-and-nostalgia-of-dead-malls.html [Accessed 24 Oct. 2017]. TheMalaysianInsight.com 2017.Malaysian Insight. [online] Available at: https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/960/ [Accessed 24 Oct. 2017].

Postquick Parcels Essay Example

Postquick Parcels Essay Access also has its advantages and disadvantages, which need to weigh up against Excels advantages and disadvantages to come up with the right choice of software. Access advantages include: -* Access can perform advanced queries.* Access can make forms to insert data.* Access is very user friendly.* In Access you can have macros to go between forms and queries.* Access has lots of facilities which help to improve the appearance these include- Word Art, Paint, text and line fill, Spell check, Clip art, Importing pictures* Access is not a flat file database so you can also create relationships between tables of data.* It has a query language, which means it can perform advanced searches.* You can hide certain forms out of view.* You can put a password on the system to prevent people tampering with it.* There are writing tools including spelling and punctuation tools available.* Access can have relational tables, which are linked together. This avoids repetition in entering in data as m ore than one department of the system can share one bit of data.Access has disadvantages as well as advantages these include: -* Access is more sophisticated than Excel and is therefore harder to use for a novice.* Access is used by professional system designers who design systems for end users. This means the system must be very powerful and very detailed. However it is more complicated for a non-expert to use.High Level Language Such as PascalI have decided not to use a high level language, as I do not have the necessary knowledge to produce a system written in a high level language such as Pascal.Advantages* It can be customized to suit the companys needs.Disadvantages* Developer does not have sufficient enough knowledge.* I would take a long time to code some areas where as in Access they are easily done in tables.Evaluation of possible software solutionsI have decided to recommend the use of Access to the clients as being most suitable because it seems to offer more facilities and features, which will help me in designing a program for the Postquick Parcels, clients.Access is more usable than both Excel and Pascal and the end users will find the system easier to use as the system will save time by cutting out repetitive tasks and will give them quick access to the information they need. A system designed is Access should give a very user-friendly interface and will function in the way the clients want in to. Access is a quick database and is quick to open files and change to new pages. Access will really provide a solution to the clients needs, as it is a diverse program, which can be used in many different ways. Another very good thing about Access is that it will be very easy to upgrade, introduce new functions and make modifications as and when they are necessary.The system should take approximately 4 months to complete and has the proposed delivery date of the 30th of April. It will come complete with a progress report, a system guide and details on t he testing completed.DATA REQUIREMENTSThere are many data requirements for the new database system these include the following:* Data on the different prices, which depend on the various, weight categories.* Data on the parcel which the customer is sending, this will include, parcel ID, width of parcel, length of parcel, height of parcel, total dimensions, weight and price which will be calculated by the computer.* Data on the customer, this will include, customer ID, customers title, customers surname, customers forename, businesses name which the customer comes from as well as the business town, postcode, contact number, email address, street and street number.* Data on the parcels destination, which will include, Destination ID, the recipients company, address, town, county and postcode.* To actually order the parcel the information needed is, the order, customer, destination, parcel IDs and the date ordered and the required delivery date.THE DATA FLOWData Flow DiagramTo help me design an effective and structured database system I have drawn a data flow diagram to show the logical movement of the data through a system, however it does not show how the data is stored.There are different levels of data flow diagrams, I have drawn a level 1 diagram that can also be known as a context diagram. A data flow diagram has many symbols, which mean specific things the symbols I have used are: -* External Entities can also be known as a data source or destination. In the following diagram the Customer is the External Entity.* Processes are operations performed on the data. In the following diagram there are five processes each named P1, P2 etc.* Data Stores are logical stores for data, which are not physical in the following data, flow table they are labelled D1 and D2.There are many different levels of DFDs the DFD below is a level 0 and the DFD on the following page is an example of a level 1 DFD.Entity-Relationship diagramsEntity-relationship diagrams are diagram s, which show the relationship between entities in a database. Entities are things of interest to an organization about which data is held. In order to be able to draw an entity-relationship diagram you need to know the degree and the name of the relationship. The degree of the relationship will come under one of three categories:1. One-to-one, e.g. relationship between Person and National Insurance number which is unique to every person.2. One -to-many, e.g. relationship between Customer and Parcel Order.3. Many-to-many, relationship between Customer and parcel.Below are examples of data entities, which are relevant to my system.SYSTEM DESIGNTop Down DesignA top down design is the technique of cutting down and simplifying a complicated problem into the major tasks which need to be completed and then cutting down the major tasks into modules. It is mainly used in programming but the principle can be used to help design my system.Modular DesignThe system can be divided into different modules, and these modules can then be drawn in a structure diagram to show how the modules relate to one another and to form the whole solution to the problem. On the following page there is a structure diagram of the proposed system.System Structure DiagramAlgorithm DesignFinding IDI have devised an algorithm to show how the system will search and answer for an ID by the user entering in the business name. The diagram shows the flow of actions and could be called a flow chart. I could create algorithms for all of the queries.USER INTERFACEWhen thinking about the user interface you should think about who the system is for, what tasks the system is performing, and what environment the system will be in and whether the technology is feasible.OutputsThere will be two main outputs of my system and all need to be user friendly. These outputs are as follows:Consignment Note:The consignment note will be given to the recipient via the delivery and will need to include some details on the customer sending the parcel, these will be the customers ID number, title and surname so that the recipient knows whom the parcel is from. Then so that the delivery person knows where the parcel has got to go I will include information on the destination ID, name of recipient and their address.The note is mainly for the recipient and delivery person, this means that it wont need to carry very much information. For instance it will not need to carry the price of the parcel delivery. The recipient will need the information on the customer sending the parcel and the delivery person needs the information on the destination.The consignment note only needs to have a plain and simple design showing the necessary information and it is not necessary to include any colour and images. The font will be Times New Roman as this is a very easy to read font and will be in size 10 font to make it even easier to read, if it was smaller it would be a lot harder to read. The destination information wil l be in larger font and bold so that it will stand out easily for the deliveryman. The most important thing about the consignment note is that it is clear.Query outputs:The results of my queries could either be displayed in a table or in a form created by a wizard. The presentation of the results would better in a form this is because of a number of reasons, which include:* It is easier to read from forms than tables.* Forms display one record at a time, rather than all of them at once, like on a list, which make it harder to isolate one particular record.* Forms are better for presentation as they can have images on them and you can change the font and size.* With tables you cannot have buttons, where as, you can with forms.Over all forms are better for this type of system as they are more user friendly because they look less intimidating than tables and require less work on behalf of the user as they can have buttons on them to take the user to and from different forms and menus.E ach form will have a title to identify it to the user. The forms will not be cluttered and if anything will have a maximum of two images. This will insure that the results are easily readable and not interfered by unnecessary clutter. The field headings will be written in a clear easily read font like Tahoma and in 10 points, this will make the information clear and easy to read. This is better than fonts such as Algerian in font 9 which although is fancy, is difficult to read.FormsThe reason I have chosen forms instead of tables for the system is explained above under the title Query Outputs.There are four main forms, which are used for entering data about the customers, parcels, destination and orders information. All of these forms have their own clear large title saying what the data is about. Each field as above (query output forms) is in point 10 and in a clear and legible font, which is, well defined and easy to read. Also the forms will be clear of images as they are not rea lly needed, and there are large rewind and fast forward buttons to manually take the user through the records. Each of these forms follows the same structure to make the forms consistent in presentation and familiar to the user. All the forms will be in a light blue colour. I have chosen blue because it shows up the black writing very well and the writing is easily visible where as if I had filled the background in red or green the writing would not have shown up very well at all.On some of my forms where appropriate, e.g. customers title or possible weight categories, I will include drop down lists which should save the users time when entering information as they will just have to drop the box down and choose the category they want.MenuThere will be three menus: the first one will be a general welcome menu giving the user the option the go into either the existing or new customer menu. The welcome menu will have a large welcome title and will have two large buttons to take the use r to one of the two other menu choices. It will also have two images as without them the menu will look very plain and boring as there would only be a title and two buttons. The existing and new customer menus both will contain a lot of buttons, which take the user to different forms or run queries. The buttons will have an easily distinct font like Tahoma and will have a font of at least size 10 points. The menu will also have a light blue background so that there is a consistency in colour.ReportsThe reports I need to include for the system are : -* Consignment notes which are discussed above.* Price lists which specification says must be included. This will be used for hard evidence on the prices and may be used when re-pricing the cost of sending parcels.* Managers statistics which were also specified in the specification.METHODS OF DATA ENTRYThe user only needs to enter data into the database about the customer, parcel, destination and order. To make data entry easy I have writ ten instructions for the user on how and what information to enter in but on the whole it is self explanatory and very easy to get used to. Also as explained earlier I have even included list boxes so information doesnt always need to be written in manually by the user thus cutting down on human or syntax error. The screen print below shows one such list box which brings up possible suggestions for peoples name titles.However if there was a duke the user simply has to type in the title and the system will accept it. This is shown below.The user will have very easy access to the data entry forms, which requires the user to simply click on the appropriate button using a computer mouse, which will take them to the required form. This will not require users to have knowledge about opening and closing forms in a raw database. Then once in the appropriate form the user will be able to use a keyboard and mouse to type in the appropriate information.Over all the user will use the keyboard f or data entry and will use the mouse for the operation of the system (e.g. buttons).RECORD STRUCTURECustomer RecordsThe customer records will be in a table called Customer. The following table shows the field names, their type and field size.Field NameField TypeField Size (maximum number of characters you can enter into a field)Customer IdAuto NumberLong IntegerTitleText20Customer SurnameText25Customer ForenameText25Business NameText35Business Street and Street NumberText40Business TownText25Business postcodeText7Contact NumberText25E-mailText50Destination RecordsThe destination records will be in a table called Destination. The following table shows the field names, their type and field size.Field NameField TypeField SizeDestination IDAuto Number Long IntegerDefaultName of Recipient CompanyText40Address of RecipientText50TownText30CountyText25PostcodeText7Parcel RecordsThe parcel records will be in a table called Parcel. The following table shows the field names, their type and fi eld size.Field NameField TypeField SizeParcel IDAuto Number Long IntegerDefaultWidth of ParcelNumberDecimalLength of ParcelNumberDecimalHeight of a ParcelNumberDecimalTotal DimensionsNumberDecimalWeightNumberDecimalPriceCurrencyCurrencyConsignmentNumber Long IntegerDefaultOrder RecordsThe order records will be in a table called Order. The following table shows the field names, their type and field size.Field NameField TypeField SizeOrder IDAuto Number Long IntegerDefaultCustomer IDNumber Long IntegerDefaultParcel IDNumber Long IntegerDefaultDestination IDNumber Long IntegerDefaultDate OrderedText10Delivery DateText10FILE ORGANISATIONI will be creating a relational database where tables work collectively rather than individually. For this to happen there is a need for links between the tables, the links need to be between one key field in a table and a foreign key in another. The foreign key and primary key must ideally both be called the same thing and spelt exactly the same an d essentially be of the same field type so that there is not a syntax error. Below is a list of the links I will have between different tables: -* Customer ID in the Customer Table and Customer ID in the Order Table so that if the customer ID is typed in the order table all the other information will come up.* Parcel ID in the Parcel Table and Parcel ID in the Order Table. So that if a user types in a parcel ID in the order table all other parcel data will automatically come up.* Destination ID in the destination Table and Destination ID in the Order Table so that if a user types in a destination ID in the order table all their other data will automatically come up.* Weight in the weight cost table and Weight in the Parcel Table. This is so that the system can use the weight in the parcel table to calculate the cost by using the weight cost table.SECURITY AND INTEGRITY OF DATAIntegrityInput MasksInput masks can be used in fields in tables to format data and have some sort of control over what values can be entered into them. Input masks consist of literal characters along with other special characters, which determine the kind of value that can be entered. Input masks are mainly used in text and date/time fields, but can be used in number or currency fields. I will be using input masks to make sure the users dont make obvious errors when inputting data. By obvious I mean, for example, not putting capitals at the beginning of a name or putting too many digits in a phone number.Validation RulesA validation rule specifies a test, which has to be performed on any data entered into the field. If that data doesnt pass the test a message comes up on the screen, which shows the text specified in the validation. I will use validation rules to make sure that on every parcel record there will be checks to makes sure the size and weight of each parcel has a:* maximum weight of 30 Kg* minimum weight of 1 Kg* maximum length of 150 cm* maximum total dimension of 300cm* maxim um weight of any one consignmentList BoxesList boxes are drop down boxes, which display a range of possible categories for a user to choose from. Once clicked, the chosen value will be transferred to what ever field the box is connected to. This will help to prevent data entry errors or syntax errors and acts as a form of validation (previously shown on page 18).SafetyBack up recommendationsTo insure the safety of the database I would suggest daily back ups are made so that if the system for some reason looses its integrity, the company will have a recent back up to fall back on. This type of a daily back up is called a differential backup. This will insure that the majority of customers orders will not be affected and therefore the company will not lose customers. The regular backup should be made to a floppy disk, there should be a floppy disk for daily back ups done on Saturdays, Tuesday s and Thursday. Another floppy disk should be used to data back ups on Mondays, Wednesday s a nd Fridays. This means that if for some reason the system goes down and the daily back up that day had gone wrong, there is always the other floppy disk which even though is dated may still be of some use.SecuritySecurity is provided by making sure there are safeguards to ensure that data is not accidentally or maliciously corrupted.PasswordsThe system will have a password, which prevents the user from changing the design or appearance of forms. All the user will be able to do is enter the appropriate information in the right sections. The only person who will have total access to all areas both the users and behind the scenes of the database will be the administrator.EncryptionEncryption is where data appears garbled unless you know how to decrypt the data.Other Security RecommendationsI would suggest the user have various security measures for the system, these include: -* A security manager who can oversea and monitor all terminal activities.* Keyboards and monitors to be locked via a password when they are not being used or are left unattended.IMPLEMENTATIONSTARTING WITH A SIMPLE DATABASEThe TablesThe system will include five tables, these are: -* Customer, this table should include the fields concerned only with the personal information to the customer and does not include information about the parcel or anything else.* Destination, this table is where the user will enter in all information about the parcels destination.* Order, this table should include all information needed for and order to make the deliverers life easy. I am going to include all information about the customer order and destination and will also include the price of the parcel.* Parcel, this table will include all information about the parcel.* Weight Cost, the user will not use this table because the weight and costs should only be changed if the company changes their prices. The table will be used like a reference table or a look up-table (as in excel) in queries.Customer table:The c ustomer table includes the fields:* Customer ID* Title* Customer Surname* Customer Forename* Business Name* Business Street and Street Number* Business Town* Business postcode* Contact number* E-mailTo the right you can see a copy of design view of the customer table, as you can see all but the key field are text data types, this means that the information entered here can be both numeric and or letters. The reason that the contact number is a text data type and not a numeric type is because a numeric field would not allow a leading zero where as a text type will. Every table must have a key field, a key field is a field, which is a unique number field, which is used as an index. The Customer ID is an auto number, an auto number is a number, which is unique to that particular record, and the computer program enters it automatically.Destination table:The destination table includes the following fields:* Destination ID* Name of Recipient* Address of recipient* Town* Country* PostcodeT his table, like the customer table, has mainly text data types and only the key field is different, as it has to be a key field.Order Table:This table includes the following fields:* Order ID* Customer ID* Parcel ID* Date Ordered* Delivery DateThis form will not actually be used to directly enter in information on orders as the order information will be entered in by the user on to an order form which due to the relational links between the tables will transfer the necessary information on to order table.The form has Order ID as the key field, this means each order is given its own identification number which if necessary can be used like a reference.Weight and Cost table:This table includes only two fields:* Weight* CostLINKING THE TABLESThe tables are linked together to make a relational database. The tables are linked by means of a common field. One of the common fields must be a key field and the other is known as a foreign key.The purpose of having a relational database is that by linking tables you can use data from all of the tables not just one. For example instead of writing the customers information twice, once in the customer table and once in the order form, you can just enter in the customer ID in the order table and the information will come up, this is all down to the relational links.Below is a copy of the relationships between the tables.ENTERING DATANow that the structure of the database is in place how the user is to enter in the data is the next task. The entering of the data should be user friendly, quick and as far as possible not prone to human error, because time is very important.To make entering data easier I have decided to use the auto form function, which is quick and effective at designing simplistic and easy to use forms. All you have to do is follow the various self-explanatory steps, which the wizard takes you through. Below are the forms I have used in my databaseCustomer Data FormParcel Data FormOn the previous page is my fir st parcel data form, however it relied on the user remembering the different weight categories, this is not very reliable and is subject to human error, so I decided to include a list box with the categories already in there, this makes the form easier to operate. I have also included a title and instructions telling the user what needs to be inputted and that the measurements not including the weight need to be measured in centimeters. The improved form is shown below.Destination Data FormOrder Data FormOriginal designI have modified the order table throughout the project to make it easier for the users to use, however below is my first design, which simply includes places for the user to enter in the IDs and also the date ordered and delivery date, independently, without any help from the computer by way of an input mask.Revised FormAs you can see from the following form I decided to change the order form to include a lot more information. The modified order form is better because the user has to enter in less information. All the user has to enter in is the Customer ID, Parcel ID Destination ID and delivery date. All the other information is automatically brought up as you type in the auto numbers (relational database) and the date ordered is automatically entered in due to the date input masks (as explained later).Final Order FormThis form includes a title, instructions and record navigation buttons to take the user manually through the records. Also the fields where information needs to be entered is written in red for the users convenience.AVOIDING HUMAN ERRORS USING INPUT MASKSTo improve the database and make it less likely for users to input errors into the database I have included a number of Input Masks and default values, these are all shown below:Customer Data Table:There is an input mask in Customer Surname field, which makes it impossible for the user to enter in anything but a capital letter for the first character.There is an input mask to make sure the Business postcode has a letter, letter, number, number, number, letter, and letter.Destination Table:There is an input mask for the business postcode, which is the same as the input mask above.Order Table:I have included a default value on the Date Ordered field, which enters in the correct date automatically once you add a new record.VALIDATION RULESI have included several validation rules which make sure the specification (as stated previously) is carried out. These Validation Rules include making sure that the: -* maximum weight of 30 Kg and a minimum weight of 1 Kg, which is the validation rule on the Weight Field in the Parcel Table.The validation rule stated that the value entered in the weight field must be between 0 and 30 Kg. So the smallest value you could enter is 1.1 Kg and the largest you could enter is 30 Kg.* maximum length of 150 cm, which is the validation rule for the Length field in the parcel table.The validation rule stated that the value entered in th e length field must be between 0 and 150 centimeters. So the smallest value you could enter is 1centimeter and the largest you can enter is 150 centimeters. It also means this it wont be possible for the user to enter in a negative number.* maximum total dimension of 300 cm, which is the validation rule for the Total Dimensions field in the parcel table.The validation rule stated that the value entered in the total dimension field must be between 0 and 300 centimeters. So the smallest value you can enter is 1 centimeter and the largest you can enter is 150 centimeters. It also means this it wont be possible for the user to enter in a negative number.* The maximum weight of any one consignment is 200kg. I have included the validation rule that if the total weight of any one consignment goes above 200 kg an error message will be displayed.QUERIESSimple QueriesTo improve my database further I have set up a query. A query is a function, which can do things like looking up certain fields in a certain table and searching for something within that field.Parameter QueriesA parameter query is more complicated than a simple query. It is a query which when runs, displays a dialog box, which asks you for information e.g. a surname. The query then looks through the customer records and would find all the records with that surname. When you create a query you need to decide what fields of the matched record to show. This is done by first of all picking the tables you want and then the fields, which are pasted into the field row at the bottom. Then you need to type in what the dialog box is going to say, this is put in the criteria row under the field, which is going to be searched for a match. In my database I have included the following queries:Finding Existing destinationThis query is one, which the user can use, to find the information on a destination, which the customer has already previously sent a parcel to. This should help the user to save both time and disk space as it makes sure only one copy of the same address is kept on record.I have included all the fields because when the query brings up the record asked for, the user will want to see all the information held on that record. To make the parameter query work I need to specify the criteria by which the computer will search the records. In this case the criteria is as follows:This formula means that the computer has to look in the destination table and under the Name of Recipient company, as shown in the query screen print showing all the fields, to get a match to the name of recipient which is written in as shown in the above caption.In the dialog box I could have had one of two possible formulas I could have had:* Like * [Enter Business Destination Name:]*With this search the user would have to enter in the full business name, however with the following formula which has a wild card, which is the two ; signs either side of the parameter, the user will not have to enter in the whole name to get the record as it can match up the beginning three letters with the record needed. This is good as it will save time and doesnt mean the user has to enter in long company names.* Like *[Enter Business Destination Name:] *When the query is run the following dialog box is shown.Finding IDThis query is also intended to save the user time when finding an existing customers ID number if they had forgotten it. The dialog box will ask the user for the Business name of the company that is sending the parcel.Updating customer dataThis is another query which saves the user time when entering and changing data. The dialog box asks the user the business name of the customer and then the computer matches the name given with the business name fields in the customer table records. The following diagram shows the criteria formula.Total DimensionsThis query speeds up the entering of the parcel data by calculating the total dimensions of the parcel by adding up the width, length and height. Th is both saves time for the user and helps to prevent human error when calculating the total.I used the Expression Builder function to put this calculation into a formula.Finding Weight From PriceTo do this I had to use the weight and cost fields, however in order for the user to be able to enter in the weight of a parcel and for the computer to work out the price you have to use the relationships and get the weight from the parcel table and match it up with the weight in the weight cost table where it will then get the price. This has been made possible because of the relationships as discussed previously. The screen print below shows you how the weight and cost have been taken from different tables.This query is not used as a parameter query as it is not directly going to be used as parameter query, it will be used to create the form to enter data about parcels.Below is the overall design view of the two queries as explained above.CONSIGNMENT NOTEAs a ReportThe consignment was prod uced using the report wizard and pervious discussion explains the layout and design of the note.This is the first design of my consignment form, which will be given to both the deliveryman and the customer.Below is the final design for my consignment note. The annotated notes describe the improvement I have made.As a QueryThe above screen print shows the design view of a query for the consignment note, which after the user inputting the customers ID will display the total cost, and weight of all the parcels being sent by that person.The screen print below shows the form created when the user asks the computer to run the consignment query for the customer with ID number 1. This consignment note will be given to the customer along with the itemized list given to the deliveryman.Integrated Consignment notes for the deliveryman and CustomerInstead of having two separate consignment notes for the deliveryman and the customer I have designed a query which incorporates all the field from b oth consignment notes. This query is shown below.The combined consignment note includes the following fields:* Sum of Weight* Sum of Cost* Title* Customer Surname* Name of recipient* Address of recipient* Town* Total Dimensions* WeightOn the following page is the consignment report created for the customer with ID 5.REPORTSPrice ListsIt is specified that a report showing the price listings for the various weights is included in the system. I have made a simple report, which will show the managers the prices. This report is shown below. As you can see it is clear and simple.ButtonsAs you can see from the above screen prints I have used button in all of the switchboards which when clicked will take the user to the forms and queries as specified on the buttons themselves.The code fo

Explain potential hazards and the harm that will arise from each in a health and social care setting Essays

Explain potential hazards and the harm that will arise from each in a health and social care setting Essays Explain potential hazards and the harm that will arise from each in a health and social care setting Essay Explain potential hazards and the harm that will arise from each in a health and social care setting Essay Fellowship is a private childrens house centre based in the Newham borough and they provide care and accommodation for children from six months to five years old with working and studying family members. This organisation has been put forward to help families in the local community as they provide ten hours of care from Monday to Friday. Within this setting there are a number of health, security and safety hazards that can occur, such as: Security Fellowship has rules and regulations that need to be followed to ensure the safety of the children in their care is met. For example If a baby gate is left open and unsupervised it could lead to a child crawling out, which cause lead to the child physically hurting/harming themselves. All visitors, workers and parents buzz in at the front entrance and they are let in without any questions asked, as long they sign in they are allowed to access all areas of the centre. This could lead to individuals coming into who may cause harm to workers and other visitors. It is important for professionals to be aware of children’s parent to ensure the children go home with the right people and if they are getting picked up by anyone besides the parents the centre needs to be informed in advance to ensure security and safety to the children. The children centre will need to be informed if there is a restraining order against one of the parents to prevent any harm to the child. sign-rite.co.uk/content/images/cctv.jpg Safety Within the children centre a risk assessment needs to be carried out as there are different types of hazards that may occur. For example children usually go out to play after the rain has stopped, leaving the climbing frames, slides etc. wet and slippery which can potentially lead to children slipping off playground facilities causing harm to themselves. Because of this safeguarding will need to be promoted to prevent children from hurting, bruises, head bumps and fractures etc. During meal time there are usually food and drinks dropped on the floor/tables by the children which staff need to be aware of to ensure it is cleaned to prevent risks from happening to both the children and staff as they may slip on spilt drinks and food on the floor. There are four fire exists within the centre. The fire exist nearest to the main hall is blocked with delivery stocked boxes and other items. This may put children, workers and visitors in danger as the main hall is used regularly and it will be the fastest way out. Health Staff need to aware of the food policy which comes from the Food Safety Act, it also covers food hygiene to ensure all children’s individual medical status and their culture religions are met as it will give them a heads up on what the children can and cannot eat. If a child with an allergic reaction is given something they are allergic to, it can cause the child to become poorly depending on the intake amount and speed the child can get professional help. Children who are not attending the day centre because of illnesses such as chickenpox, head lice, measles and food poisoning or other illnesses/bugs will need to be recorded by staff in the incident and accident book and it needs to be reported to the manager as she will need to inform other parents so they are aware and they can get their children checked in advance.

China Housing Bubble Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

China Housing Bubble - Dissertation Example The Chinese government has also secured measures to manage high prices as well as high mortgage rates. The down-payment requisites for second properties were also increased (Dreger, et.al., 2011). For the high housing price areas, the owners were not allowed to more home purchases. The state-controlled mortgage lenders also reduced the mortgage discounts and more measures were installed to be implemented down the road, including increased property taxes. As a result, the housing prices in the cities stopped increasing, but were still very high (Dreger, et.al., 2011). The housing issue was not only an economic issue, but an issue which also refers to the livelihood of the people, especially one which can impact on stability. Families on average income are likely to be able to afford housing. The ratio of house prices is set at an average income more than 18 in Beijing (Wu, et.al., 2010). The challenge for the government is to eliminate the theoretical in-flows, while still maintaining the strong housing growth. However, although increasing house prices may indicate a bubble, is existence is still debatable. In fact, the trends of urbanization, as well as elevated incomes and decreased interest rates may have caused changes in the housing phenomenon. The higher prices of houses may still be in line with the basic elements and may still be within the demands under residential housing (World Bank, 2010). A burst in the house price bubble can present major destabilization in the economy.

Law Justice and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law Justice and Society - Essay Example This can truly be seen in the light of to reform youth justice. The vague nature of constitutional definitions have led a lot of Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnership to follow these definitions (Sprigings, 2005), leading to inconsistencies and divergence in the utilization of Asbos. The mixing of incivilities as well as criminal offences clearly discombobulates basic questions of justice. This results in the intensification of anti-social behaviour, as well as fears and anxieties of the public. Dissertation of boundaries during deviancy control, according to Cohen (1985) evades the issue of if a law had actually been broken, it eliminates the difference among public and private furthermore it also penetrates the family, educational institutions and neighbourhood. As the explanation of visions regarding social control recommended, 'classification' is a essential characteristic of the system, and the growth of deviancy control professions makes way for more classification systems to form new categories of deviance, which need to be fulfilled (Brown, 2004:204). It is quite clear that New Labour government favour a general definition. We can consider this kind of control by Foucault theory of discipline and punishment he believes in order to have power one must need knowledge. In a prison the guard has all the power compared to the inmates. According to Foucault (1981), they have the knowledge to watch and keep the prisoners in order. As for the prisoners they realize they are being observed and they realize that they do not have any authority. If a prisoner does something wrong they will be punished, so when they are in their cell they try not to do anything out of the ordinary. The inmates know that if they do something wrong they will be punished by the guards. The fact that the prisoners know they will punish by a guard for misbehaving shows that the guard has the power and is in charge. ASBO and its Success in Youth Justice System The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 was the foremost legislative piece of the New Labour it presented Anti-social behaviour orders along with a lot of other orders regarding sex offender, parenting, o child safety, damages, action plan orders, and custody, so that anti-social behaviour can be appropriately dealt with (www.audit-commission.gov.uk/). This act's main objective is to decrease crime, improve the safety of the community, encourage more successful multi-agency approaches, and develop the trust of the public in the criminal justice system, by means of cooperation with local communities, difficult to reach groups as well as each and every agency of the public sector. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 finished off the doli incapax, therefore resulting to alterations in youth justice. This order has done a lot for the juvenile justice system as an order may be utilized against an juvenile who is 10 years old or more for acting in an 'anti-social manner' moreover it can be used via the police, local authorities as well as registered social landlords (Campbell, 2002 p 56). The minimum period for an order is 2 years.Breach

School Driver Essay Example for Free

School Driver Essay My aunt, a school driver, she has a problem of picking the student up to school. She lives in Belvedere Garden, and picks student to the school in Shek Lei Estate (the map is on the last page). In order to save the cost by shorten the distance to the school, she asked me to solve the problem for her. By the virtue of keen competition, she couldnt charge for the high fees from the students. Besides, the fuel is very costly and variable. Thus, her income becomes unstable. She tries to solve it by picks up more students from different places, but the routes will be more complex and the time does not allow her to do so. She has to pick 50 students up from 12 places, there are 10 seats left and therefore she can only save the cost by pick more students up from these 12 places but not the other places. I also found her driving routes have a great problem, she didnt choose the fastest way. So I will choose the fastest routes for her. She has to drive 4 times per school day 1. From BG to SLE (through all places in shortest routes) 2. From SLE to BG (fastest routes to back home) 3. From BG to SLE (fastest routes to back to school) 4. From SLE to BG (through all the places in shortest routes). I have asked her where the 12 places were, how much profits she earns totally per month and how much the costs are. Here is the information: The name of the twelve place: Belevedere Garden Phase 3 (BG) Tsuen King Garden (TKG) Clague Garden Estate (CGE) Discovery Park (DP) Water Side Plaza (WSP) Luk Leung Sun Chuen (LYSC) Pa Tin Pa Tsuen (PTPT) Kwai Yin Court (KYC) Lei Muk Chuen Estate (LMSE) Shek Yam Estate (SYE) Shek Yam East Estate (SYEE) Shek Lei Estate (SLE) The distances between the places: Second drive: After sending the students to the school, my aunt will then go back home (From SLE to BG). Her original route is showed below: BGi DPi KYCi SLE 5km Third drive: She has to pick up the students again after the school (From BG to SLE). Her original route is showed below: Â  BG 13. 09km The total distance of the whole drive is 12. 6 + 5 + 5 + 13. 09=35. 69km There are 22 school days average per month, which means the total distance of one month is 35. 69 x 22 = 785km. In HK, the cost of the fees are 15p per km average, thus her original cost per month is 785 x 15p = i 118 and her income is i 810. So her actual income decreases to i 810 i 118 = i 692 Now I am going to find out the shortest routes of four drives. For the first drive and the last drive, I solve the problem by showing all possible ways as she has to go through all 12 places. The second and the third drive, I do only find the shortest routes and therefore I will use the Dijkstras algorithm. There are 52 way in the first drive and 66 ways in the fourth drive. Possible ways for first drive: BGi TKGi PTPTi Therefore, the new total distance per month is (12. 12 + 4. 93 + 4. 93 + 12. 6) x 22 = 761km The new cost is 761 x 15p = i 114 So her actual income increases to i 810 i 114 = i 696 If my aunt is willing to use this my methods, she could save i 4 a month (i 696 i 692 = i 4) Evaluation As a result, I saved i 4 for my aunt. In England, people may think that i 4 is just a little amount of money. However, i 4 in Hong Kong and China you can help many poor. They may get warm and full by buying food, clean water and clothes. I suggested my aunt that she could save more by delete the second and the third drives. It saves almost i 33 more (4. 93 x 2 x 22 x 15p ). It would spend her leisure at home during the resting time but save her more money. She could also earn more by picking more students from those 12 places. The cost cannot save so much because the routes in Hong Kong are not very long but complex, Hong Kong is just a point in the map only. In addition, she picks students up from 2 districts only and therefore the roads are shorter. The time is a problem as well, she is not allowed to pick more students. Otherwise, all of the students will be late for school and their parents will complain her. In the first drive and fourth drive, I have found out the shortest routes by showing all possible. Actually, its very difficult to find out and its take me a long time. When I was doing it, I needed to check many times whether I had showed all the possible or not. Besides, its easy to make mistakes when I was calculating the distance of the possible routes. In the second and the third drive, I used Djkstras algorithm to find out the shortest easily. It is very convenience and hard to make a mistake. This is the best method for me which I have learned. I impacted my aunt as well and she found it is useful.

Blake :: essays research papers

In Blake's "London" the speaker connects various characters and socio/political institutions in order to critique the injustices perpetrated in England. The busy, commercial city of London functions as a space in which the speaker can imagine the inescapable interconnections of English institution and citizens. Although separated by differences of class and gender, the citizens of London brush up against each other so that the misery of the poor and dispossessed is a direct indictment of the callousness of the rich and powerful, f the institutions of state and religion. The speaker of the poem emphasizes the social and economic differences that separate the citizens of London. By repeating the word "charter'd", he reminds the reader of the commercial nature of the city, the fact that portions of it are owned, and that not everyone has equal access to goods or property. In the first line of his poem as Blake speaks of how he is wandering through the "charter'd" streets, he is commenting on this commercial aspect of London. As he moves on in his poem he also refers to the "charter'd" Thames, he is telling us in this second line that even a river which is a force of nature, is owned in London. When Blake says that he sees "marks of weakness, marks of woe" in "every face" he meets, he means that he can see how this commercialism is affecting everyone rich and poor. Yet, despite the divisions that the word charter'd suggests, the speaker contends that no one in London, neither rich or poor, escapes a pervasive sense of misery and entrapment. The speaker talks of how in "every cry of every man" he hears the misery. Blake is once again reminding us that this is affecting everyone. As he goes on to comment on he can hear it in "every infants cry of fear", he is saying that even the babies know what is going to happen to them when they grow up and they fear the misery that they will soon face. In the next line of the poem Blake chooses to use a very interesting word. When he writes "in every ban" he leaves the line open to many different interpretations. The word ban can mean a political prohibition, a curse, or an announcement of marriage. The political meaning is an obvious one in this poem, Blake obviously does not like the politics of London and he fells that the commercialism is preventing the people from being happy.

Internet censorship Essay

INTERNET CENSORSHIP Internet censorship is subjected to governmental control to keep programmes inoffensive to the public. It controls the ideas and information in a society. The question is if government should be allowed full authority on the internet. Is it completely fine to allow the government to decide the information we access and does this infringe on the rights of freedom and speech? First of all, there are the people who side with internet censorship. There is certain vulgar and offensive material put on the internet which can cause divisions between the society and offend some of the people. For example, videos and articles against a religion or culture can cause problems between citizens within a nation and so such information has to be censored. Censoring material that insults a religion helps protect society from disputes and thus doesn’t qualify to be called stealing someone’s rights. Moreover, censorship is important to keep children from corrupting their minds. Inappropri ate videos and images put on the internet can be seen by the youth which is why this material should be removed by censoring. This act by the government ensures children don’t get to see vulgar material which can destroy their innocence. So, in a sense, government helps to protect children and in this case freedom of such information cannot count as it is too mature for children. Furthermore, some people argue that internet censorship is necessary to preserve national security. Without censorship, it is impossible to maintain secrecy of information and protect it from enemies that can use it against the nation. Adding on, other forms of illegal material being communicated are stopped by censorship. Illegal downloading of copyrighted content is a crime and internet censorship helps the government to catch criminals that indulge themselves in this act. As well, e-mail containing dangerous information like bomb plans have no right to be spread around the internet and so discarding them is the right thing to do. This shows that the government does not violate rights of freedom of speech by actually prote cting its public from threatening information. However, others think that internet censorship is a violation to rights of freedom of speech. It limits free access to information which causes the society to foster ignorance in its citizens. Through this ignorance, people would not have knowledge and awareness on issues that take place around their environment. this is not  fair as everyone should have the right to full access to information on the internet. Additionally, there is the history of censorship abuse. The government can remove certain material that gives a bad image of it to the public meaning people have no freedom to criticize the government or voice their opinions. In this corrupt information can also be spread around the internet by the government and this gives wrong information to the public. In China, for example, videos and articles on human rights violation are blocked by the government from the eyes of the world. If people cannot freely express their opinions on such critical subjects, then there is no use of the internet as it limits freedom of speech. Furthermore, some governments put strict rules on internet usage like blocking social sites from the network. These include facebook and twitter. For instance, in China, facebook is banned and this affects the citizens and people owning facebook. Facebook loses more users from China. Also this limits communication and thus transfer of information is narrowed to usage of phones and letters. People will also find it difficu lt to interact with people outside the nation. This is a serious act against freedom of speech and shows government uses censorship to restrict passing on of information which signifies they have something to hide. In conclusion, government should censor material to the extent where it becomes a threat for the community. Otherwise censorship of material that contains ‘offensive’ vocabulary like breast cancer is limiting freedom of speech as it is accessed by people for knowledge and it is not going to harm anyone. Besides, for child protection, there is already software that is available to block offensive sites. This shows that government has no right to censor the internet by removing material that can actually be helpful to the people. The government misuse its control over the internet to limit people’s ideas and thought capacities which violates freedom of speech and information.

Dostoevsky s Crime And Punishment - 1483 Words

Works in Translation: The Manifestation of Deadly Sin and its Physical Damages in Crime and Punishment Christianity defines deadly sins as those which, when unrepented, cause the eternal damnation of the soul. This idea is a truth to any devout Christian, including Fyodor Dostoevsky. Additionally, in his novel Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky argues that mortal sins condemn not only the soul, but also the physical body. He uses the mortal sins of pride, lust, and sloth in Katerina, Svidrigailov, and Sonia, respectively, to inform his audience of the physical nature of deadly sin. In Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky uses minor characters as manifestations of deadly sin to show that sinners forsake their own lives and that religion is an†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, at her deathbed, Raskolnikov wonders â€Å"And how did the ‘certificate of merit’ come to be on the bed beside Katerina Ivanovna† (431). Dostoevsky confirms that Katerina embodies pride and that pride is the cause of her death by having the source of her sin laid down next to her. This place ment of her pride symbolizes that her sin haunts her even to her deathbed. Moreover, Dostoevsky implies that as Katerina carries her pride with her everywhere, the â€Å"certificate of merit† will follow as well. Yet, Dostoevsky reveals that it is sin coupled with rejection of God that leads to damnation of the physical body. Specifically, Dostoevsky creates Katerina as to have so much pride that she sees herself above even God. As she is dying, Katerina says â€Å"God must forgive me† and â€Å"if He won’t forgive me, I don’t care!† (430). Katerina is so prideful that she believes God owes her, saying â€Å"must forgive me†. Moreover, Dostoevsky characterizes her further as a pagan by emphasizing â€Å"I don’t care!† with the exclamation mark. Ultimately, Dostoevsky uses Katerina’s disregard for God coupled with her sin to show how sinners forsake their own lives. Svidrigailov, as the manifestation of lust, is the greatest example of sinners causing their own death. Dostoevsky reveals that Svidrigailov is the manifestation of lust early on whenShow MoreRelatedDostoevsky s Crime And Punishment1349 Words   |  6 PagesFyodor Dostoevsky wrote â€Å"Crime and Punishment† in 1866, during a time of Russian history where there was a convergence of several different, and oftentimes contradictory, political, philosophical, and economic ideologies. Not only was this a period of many conflicting sentiments, it was also a time of great change, with the Russian government implementing several reforms that changed the course of the country forever. 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Suffering, guilt and societal alienation prompt Raskolnikov to reject his Ubermensch theory and ultimatelyRead More Prison Reform in Russia and Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky1094 Words   |  5 Pages The novel Crime and Punishment occurs in the summer of 1865; a time when radical legal and social changes swept through Russia. The reforms of 1860’s and 1870’s were known as the Great Reforms because they affected every aspect of Russian life. With â€Å"an 1861 decree emancipating the serfs and [a] monumental reform of the court system in 1864,† the Russian society was still transitioning from an Estate-of-the-realm style toward a more just system focused on equality (Burnham 1227). TheRead MoreExposing Nihilism in Crime an d Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky1706 Words   |  7 Pages A paragon of realist literature, Fyodor Dostoevsky deftly exposes nihilism in his novel, Crime and Punishment, published in 1866. Its protagonist, Rodion Raskolnikov, is intelligent yet bitter and unfeeling, having denounced his morality and bonds with society. He embodies the qualities of nihilism, the desertion of all emotional and ethical concerns. This philosophical doctrine is historically ubiquitous, particularly with the Nihilist Movement, one of Imperial Russia’s Great Reforms, and the growingRead MoreCrime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky1025 Words   |  4 PagesCrime and Punishment, written by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky; is a philosophical crime fiction novel. The story is very powerful in that it goes beyond the book and into the lives of the audience; making the audience feel some type of relation between themselves and the story. Dostoevsky was brilliant in creating a fictional world where the characters seem to be found within the audience, transitioning from a fictional story to a self-help book. He employes many life lessons in the story, whichRead MoreLife Is Like A Beach And Its Sand1314 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout history and will continue to do so until our race is extinct. The passages above show two translations of the same verse.They are from the story of Cain and Abel. Speaking to Cain after he has murdered his brother, God explains Cain’s punishment. In the American Standard Version, God commands Cain to rule over sin, while in the King James Version, God promises Cain that he will surely triumph over sin. These are two very different quotes from the same verse. To look further into this, one